Genital Herpes: Understanding the Infection and Your Treatment Options
Genital herpes is a common, lifelong sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus—typically HSV-2, but sometimes HSV-1 (more commonly associated with oral herpes). It affects both men and women and can cause painful sores, emotional distress, and questions about relationships and long-term health. Although there is no cure, prescription antiviral medications can help manage symptoms, reduce outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission.
What Are the Symptoms of Genital Herpes?
- Painful blisters or open sores in the genital or anal area
- Itching, tingling, or burning sensations before a breakout
- Pain or burning during urination (if sores are present)
- Flu-like symptoms, including fever and swollen glands during the first outbreak
Some individuals may have mild or no symptoms but can still spread the virus.
Prescription Treatments for Genital Herpes
Antiviral medications don’t cure herpes but are effective in managing outbreaks and reducing the risk of spreading the virus.
Common Prescription Medications:
1. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Oral or topical
- Taken 2–5 times daily
- Cost-effective
2. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
- Oral
- Taken once or twice daily
- Higher absorption and commonly used for long-term suppression
3. Famciclovir (Famvir)
- Oral
- Also suitable for both episodic and daily use
Treatment Types:
- Episodic Therapy: Taken at the first sign of symptoms to shorten outbreaks
- Suppressive Therapy: Daily use to prevent or reduce the frequency of outbreaks and lower transmission risk
Is there a cure for genital herpes?
No. Herpes is a lifelong virus. Antiviral medication controls symptoms and reduces transmission but does not eliminate the virus from your body.
What’s the best treatment for genital herpes?
The “best” treatment depends on your needs:
- Valacyclovir is preferred for convenience (fewer doses)
- Acyclovir is more affordable
- Famciclovir is an option for those with specific tolerability concerns
Your provider will help determine the right choice for you.
Can I treat genital herpes without a prescription?
No. There are no FDA-approved over-the-counter treatments for genital herpes. Prescription antivirals are necessary for effective management.
How long do herpes outbreaks last?
- First outbreak: 2 to 4 weeks
- Recurring outbreaks: Typically 3 to 7 days
Antiviral treatment can shorten this duration.
Can medication stop me from spreading herpes?
Yes. Daily antiviral therapy reduces the risk of transmission by about 50% when combined with condom use. It’s not foolproof but significantly lowers the chance.
Is it safe to have sex if I have genital herpes?
Yes, with precautions:
- Avoid sex during outbreaks
- Use condoms
- Consider daily antiviral therapy
- Communicate openly with your partner
Should I take antivirals every day?
Daily suppressive therapy may be recommended if you:
- Have frequent outbreaks
- Have a partner who is herpes-negative
- Are pregnant or immunocompromised
What triggers herpes outbreaks?
- Stress
- Illness
- Menstrual cycle/hormonal changes
- Sunlight exposure
- Sexual activity or friction
- Weakened immune system
Managing these triggers can help reduce recurrence.
Do I need to tell my partner I have herpes?
Yes. It’s important to disclose your diagnosis so your partner can make informed choices and you can work together to reduce risk.
Can I pass herpes even without symptoms?
Yes. This is called asymptomatic shedding. Daily suppressive therapy and condoms can help reduce this risk.
Is herpes dangerous during pregnancy?
It can be, especially if the first infection occurs late in pregnancy. If you’re pregnant and have herpes, talk to your OB-GYN about taking antiviral medication to reduce the risk to the baby.
Can genital herpes affect fertility?
No, herpes does not impact fertility in men or women. However, safe management is essential during pregnancy.
How do I get a prescription for herpes treatment?
- See your primary care provider or OB-GYN
- Visit a sexual health clinic
- Use a reputable telehealth service
Managing Herpes Beyond Medication
Medication is only one part of managing herpes. Lifestyle plays a role:
- Stress management: Reduces triggers
- Healthy diet and exercise: Supports immune health
- Adequate sleep: Promotes recovery
- Support: Consider therapy or support groups
You are not alone. Millions of people live full, healthy lives while managing herpes.
